解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the hemodynamic and electrocardiographic effects of a single dose of commercially available bitter-orange dried-fruit extract, which is increasingly being used in dietary supplements. DESIGN:Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. SETTING:University of Connecticut, S...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1592/phco.2005.25.12.1719
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacist-administered diabetes mellitus education and management services on selected diabetes performance measures. Additional goals were to compare outcomes with goals specified for patients with diabetes by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) and id...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1592/phco.2005.25.12.1809
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two analyses were conducted to compare the cost-effectiveness of different intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV) formulations: IGIV purified by caprylate precipitation and chromatography (IGIV-C) and IGIV manufactured by an older solvent-detergent method (IGIV-S/D). The results indicated that IGIV-C is associated with cos...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.2005.25.11part2.94S
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with various rheumatologic and inflammatory disease states commonly require drugs known to decrease the inflammatory or autoimmune response for adequate control of their condition. Such drugs include nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors, corticosteroids, disease-modi...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.2005.25.11.1566
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading gram-negative organisms associated with nosocomial infections. The increasing frequency of multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) strains is concerning as efficacious antimicrobial options are severely limited. By searching MEDLINE from January 1966-February 20...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.2005.25.10.1353
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the pharmacodynamics of four intravenous antimicrobial regimens-ceftriaxone 1 g, gatifloxacin 400 mg, levofloxacin 500 mg, and levofloxacin 750 mg, each every 24 hours-against recent Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. DESIGN:Pharmacodynamic analysis using Monte Carlo simulation. DATA SOURC...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.2005.25.9.1161
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epinephrine overdose induces many negative complications in adults because of its alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor activity. However, complications in newborns or children are rarely described. A 4-day-old, 2004-g female newborn was inadvertently given epinephrine at 100 times the usual dose; she developed hypokalemia a...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.2005.25.9.1266
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Use of oral N-acetylcysteine for preventing radiographic contrast material-induced nephropathy (RCIN) has become widespread, despite conflicting results from clinical trials and meta-analyses. The variability in study results may reflect differences in baseline risks in study patients, hydration regimens, choice of co...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.2005.25.8.1095
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:To determine the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and the effectiveness of hyperlipidemia management in a large population of transplant recipients. A secondary objective was to assess the effect of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines on hyperlipidemia man...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.2005.25.7.918
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Graves' disease is an autoimmune process in which the thyroid gland is stimulated by autoantibodies, leading to hyperthyroidism. Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroid function, primarily affecting women in their 40s and 50s. Treatment may involve oral radioiodine, which is taken up by the follicular...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.2005.25.7.1017
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the relationship between impaired renal function and antifactor Xa activity in patients receiving dalteparin. DESIGN:Open-label prospective study. SETTING:Inpatient and outpatient units of a large teaching hospital. SUBJECTS:Eleven patients with renal impairment and 11 control subjects wi...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.2005.25.6.817
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although various manifestations of pentamidine-induced cardiotoxicity have been reported, to our knowledge, second-degree heart block associated with this agent has not been described. In addition, cardiac adverse effects usually develop after at least 6 days of therapy. We describe a 54-year-old, human immunodeficien...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.2005.25.6.899
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To compare adverse events related to anticoagulation in patients assigned to a pharmacist-managed anticoagulation service versus those receiving usual care. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort analysis. SETTING:Three hundred-bed community hospital. PATIENTS:Four hundred twenty patients referred for anticoagu...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.25.5.685.63582
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two patients with chronic kidney disease experienced a major bleeding event, retroperitoneal hematoma, requiring a blood transfusion after the administration of enoxaparin. The first patient was a 61-year-old Caucasian woman with multiple comorbidities, including chronic kidney disease stage 4. She received subcutaneo...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.25.5.769.63596
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The National Kidney Foundation developed and oversees the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative, a process that develops clinical practice guidelines in nephrology. Recent guidelines address the evaluation, classification, and stratification of chronic kidney disease (CKD). These guidelines provide, for the first...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.25.4.491.61034
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Torsade de pointes is a rare but potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmia that is often triggered by drugs that prolong the rate-corrected QT (QTc) interval. This arrhythmia has been attributed to levacetylmethadol and methadone, synthetic opioids used to treat heroin addiction. Levacetylmethadol, a derivative of meth...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.25.4.611.61020
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:To determine the effects of atorvastatin on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) particle size and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Another objective was to compare the effects of atorvastatin on lipoprotein profiles as determined by direct ver...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1592/phco.25.3.335.61599
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The popularity of amiodarone has grown due to its effectiveness in converting arrhythmia and its formulation availability. Formulations of the drug also contain iodine; the iodine content is 75 mg in a 200-mg tablet of amiodarone and 18.7 mg/ml in the intravenous solution. Approximately 10% of the iodine content of or...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.25.3.429.61602
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence and inferences from clinical research, clinical observation, and literature review support an etiologic paradigm for the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI). According to this paradigm, changes in immunoregulation and in the activation of cytokines or intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) contribut...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.25.2.145.56958
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral anticoagulation with warfarin requires routine monitoring of prothrombin time, expressed as the international normalized ratio (INR). Patient self-testing for INR is common in Europe but not in the United States. In order to determine the frequency of INR self-testing among patients whose anticoagulant therapy is...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.25.2.265.56949
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To compare the absorption profile of cyclosporine after preprandial administration with that after postprandial administration, and to determine which administration time resulted in a more stable absorption profile and the timing of the drug concentration that was the most reliable marker for monitorin...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.25.1.52.55617
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postoperative pain is one of the most common forms of acute pain. Optimal pain management decreases the stress response to surgery, reduces complications, improves recovery time, and results in improved economic and quality-of-life outcomes. A preoperative, multimodal approach to postoperative analgesia can be achieve...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.24.17.1714.52339
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decades of overuse and misuse of antibiotics have turned the resistance problem into a crisis. Preventive and corrective measures are urgently needed. This article presents a broad overview of the status of antimicrobial resistance. Resistance in key bacterial pathogens such as enterococci, staphylococci, pneumococci,...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.24.18.203S.52236
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To investigate the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin in patients infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). DESIGN:Prospective, observational, pharmacovigilance study. SETTING:Gastroenterology department of a French university hospital. PATIENTS:A cohort of conse...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.24.16.1546.50947
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Limitations of traditional anticoagulants have led to the need for structured services to provide anticoagulation monitoring. Anticoagulation management services have historically filled this role. Novel antithrombotic agents currently in development have the potential to improve on the limitations of vitamin K antago...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.24.15.199s.43159
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of valganciclovir 450 mg/day for 6 months for cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis in renal transplant recipients. DESIGN:Single-center, retrospective analysis. SETTING:Urban, academic medical center. PATIENTS:Fifty-eight patients who received de novo renal transplant...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.24.14.1323.43152
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article on pharmacoepidemiology, the second of two parts, is a more focused discussion of the methodology of cohort studies and case-control studies, the basic methodologies of which were discussed in part I. The nested case-control study incorporates the strengths of both the cohort and case-control studies but ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.24.13.1105.38083
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various pharmacologic agents are available for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, commonly referred to as statins, which offer favorable lipid-lowering effects and reductions in morbidity and mortality. Statins are usually better toler...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.24.13.1194.38084
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Weight-adjusted nomograms have been a significant advance in the use of unfractionated heparin (UFH). Clinical trials have demonstrated the ability of weight-adjusted nomograms to achieve a therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) more rapidly than with standard UFH dosing. Despite this advantage, a si...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.24.12.142s.36113
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:To compare the cost-effectiveness of intravenous plus oral amiodarone, atrial septal pacing, and both strategies combined to prevent atrial fibrillation after open heart surgery. Secondary objectives were to compare the cost-effectiveness of amiodarone versus no amiodarone and of pacing versus no pacin...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1592/phco.24.11.1013.36132
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Warfarin and unfractionated heparin have been in clinical use for more than 50 years. Both are effective anticoagulants, but their use is associated with a number of impediments, including the need for intensive coagulation monitoring, wide variation in dose-response relationships, multiple drug interactions (in the c...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.24.10.62s.36120
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concerns about cross-allergenicity between sulfonamide antibiotics and nonantibiotic, sulfonamide-containing drugs persist and can complicate patients' drug therapy unnecessarily. No interaction between the human immune system and the sulfonamide functional group has been demonstrated. The immunologic determinant of t...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.24.9.856.36106
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:To develop and validate an improved unfractionated heparin (UFH) dosage protocol, using antifactor Xa levels as the outcome variable. DESIGN:Prospective case series. SETTING:A 625-bed, adults-only private, tertiary care teaching hospital. PATIENTS:Three hundred seventy-two patients receiving UFH for...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.24.8.713.36067
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Therapeutic goals for atrial fibrillation (AF) include ventricular rate control, stroke prevention, conversion to normal sinus rhythm, and maintenance of normal sinus rhythm. The optimal strategy of rate versus rhythm control for acute management of patients with AF is a continuing debate. However, selected patients m...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.24.8.792.36065
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To describe the pharmacokinetic disposition of tobramycin in children undergoing stem cell transplantation (SCT) after intravenous administration either every 24 hours or every 8 hours, and to use this information to create initial dosing guidelines for administration every 24 hours in this patient popu...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1592/phco.24.6.564.34743
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antithrombin deficiency is a hypercoagulable state that can increase the risk for thrombosis, especially in the presence of other procoagulant triggers. Unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparins may not provide effective anticoagulation since they require antithrombin for activity. Direct thrombin inhib...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.24.6.659.34745
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality across the continuum of vascular disease. The utilization of these agents, however, remains suboptimal. The drugs are not prescribed in many patients because of concerns ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.24.6.697.34731
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and dose-proportionality of four dose strengths (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg) of oxymorphone extended release (ER) under both single-dose and steady-state conditions. DESIGN:Randomized, three-period, four-sequence, crossover study. SETTING:Bioavailability clinic. SUBJECTS:Tw...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1592/phco.24.5.468.33347
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subtherapeutic tacrolimus trough concentrations were noted in a 52-year-old woman who had undergone liver transplantation. Her tacrolimus dosage was increased from 7 to 28 mg twice/day, and ketoconazole therapy was added; however, her tacrolimus concentration remained undetectable. Metoclopramide 10 mg 4 times/day was...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.24.5.532.33357
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frequency of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate. Prediabetes, also referred to as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and/or impaired fasting glucose, is a major risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, IGT has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascul...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.24.4.362.33170
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00